Iconic Architecture - The Maravillas Gymnasium
Constructed in 1962, the Maravillas Gymnasium is an iconic piece of modern Spanish architecture. It stands tall in Madrid and was the solution to a tricky land topography.
The terrain featured a massive 12-meter height difference between the streets Guadalquivir and Joaquín Costa. In response, de la Sota proposed an extensive plan that would resolve the difference ingeniously.
He carefully attended to the constructive details and tackled the building with masterful modulation. Viewers can appreciate the building’s windows as a clear example of his modulation system.
Standing on extremely uneven ground, the private Catholic Maravillas school sought expansion and commissioned Alejandro de la Sota to construct the gym. He was the right architect to tackle and use such a big height gap.
A sports center or gym was the only option for the uneven terrain. So de la Sota designed a large, single-space structure where light would flood in from one side.
The concept
The Maravilla Gymnasium is undoubtedly one of the past century’s most important works of Spanish architecture. The building aimed to bridge a 12-meter high gap between the school and the street Joaquín Costa. De la Sota designed the entire gym as an extension of the schoolyard that was located on the upper level.
The top of the gym is made of a truss that runs perpendicular to the facade. The framework itself supports several rooms. The rooms, like the gym, receive plenty of natural light because they’re on the same side as the facade.
The rooms at the top of the gym have parabolic truss that allows the space to be used as an auditorium. The facade has a free yet stern form, lacking a specific decor style. However, it fits right into its urban settings.
Near the facade, the gym has a set of exterior lookouts. The lookouts give the gym a very urban feel. And the facade also includes fencing detail that extends from the schoolyard.
The design creates a great balance between the vast spaces, brick walls, slanted skylights, outlooks, and metallic structures. De la Sota aimed to design with pure forms and materials with a simple architecture.
“…I always liked to talk about Architecture as a pastime; if you don’t do it joyfully it is not Architecture. This joy is, precisely, Architecture, the satisfaction one feels. The excitement of Architecture makes one smile, makes one laugh. Life doesn’t.”
Alejandro de la Sota
Architectonic layout of the Maravillas Gymnasium
Entry points
The gym has two entry points. One is street access located on the lower floor while the second is located on the upper schoolyard at the top of the gym.
Basement
The locker rooms are located in the basement, which is street-level. Along with the locker rooms, the temperature-controlled pool and training court for field hockey are also located in the basement.
Ground floor
A multi-use court (for basketball, volleyball, handball and more) occupies the ground floor. There are also offices and other areas reserved for gym teachers and coaches.
The second and third floor
The school uses the second and third floor for events. These spaces can hold many different ceremonies ranging from student reunions or special classes such as psycho-technical courses.
Upper floor
In addition to conference rooms, the upper floor houses study spaces such as the Museum of Natural and Physical Sciences. It also has game, music and reading rooms.
Schoolyard
The schoolyard sits on top of the gym and is an extension of the original schoolyard. Here, students are free to play outdoors.
Structure
The basement is a concrete structure while the rest of the gym has an simply designed iron frame. De la Sota planted a pillar where the facade is and another close to the terrain gap. The pillars hold the wide triangular beam, which is straight on the top but curves on the bottom.
The multi-use court area also has pillars that stand 8-meters in height. They stand an even six meters from each other. The pillars hold the bridge-like, 20-meter long beam.
The bridge-like structure floats above the entire gym and fills the entire space with light.
The Maravillas Gymnasium is the perfect example that shows de la Sota’s conscious, supreme quality style that engraved itself in the history of Spanish architecture. It symbolizes the incredible era of 20th-century architecture.